Idan aka yi la'akari da gilashin da ke kan ruwa a matsayin misali, manyan kayan aiki guda uku na zafi a cikin samar da gilashi sun haɗa da tanda mai narkewar gilashin da ke kan ruwa, baho na gilashin da ke kan ruwa da kuma tanderun gilashin da ke kan ruwa. A cikin aikin samar da gilashi, tanderun gilashin da ke kan ruwa yana da alhakin narkar da kayan da aka yi amfani da su zuwa ruwan gilashi da kuma fayyace su, daidaita su da sanyaya su zuwa zafin da ake buƙata don yin ƙera su. Baho na tin shine babban kayan aikin ƙera gilashi. Ruwan gilashin da ke da zafin jiki na 1050 ~ 1100℃ yana gudana daga tashar kwarara zuwa saman ruwan tin a cikin baho na tin. Ruwan gilashin yana da faɗi kuma yana gogewa a saman baho na tin, kuma ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar jan injina, masu gadi na gefe da injinan zane na gefe don samar da ribon gilashi mai faɗi da kauri da ake buƙata. Kuma yana barin baho na tin lokacin da ya huce a hankali zuwa 600℃ yayin aikin gaba. Aikin tanderun gilashin da ke kan ruwa shine kawar da damuwa da rashin daidaituwar gani na gilashin da ke kan ruwa, da kuma daidaita tsarin ciki na gilashin. Ribon gilashi mai ci gaba tare da zafin jiki na kimanin 600℃ wanda baho na tin ya haifar yana shiga tanderun gilashin ta hanyar teburin juyawa. Duk waɗannan manyan kayan aikin zafi guda uku suna buƙatar kayan da ke hana ruwa shiga. Domin tabbatar da aiki na yau da kullun na tanderun narkewar gilashi, hakika ba za a iya raba shi da tallafin kayan da ke hana ruwa shiga ba. Ga nau'ikan kayan da ke hana ruwa shiga guda 9 da ake amfani da su a cikin tanderun narkewar gilashi da halayensu:
Tubalin siliki don murhun gilashi:
Babban sinadaran: silicon dioxide (SiO2), ana buƙatar abun ciki ya kasance sama da 94%. Zafin aiki: mafi girman zafin aiki shine 1600~1650℃. Siffofi: kyakkyawan juriya ga zaizayar ƙasa mai acidic, amma rashin juriya ga zaizayar ƙasa mai ƙarfi. Ana amfani da shi galibi don yin tubalin manyan baka, bangon ƙirji da ƙananan tanderu.
Bulo na yumbu don murhun gilashi:
Babban sinadaran: Al2O3 da SiO2, abun ciki na Al2O3 yana tsakanin 30% ~ 45%, SiO2 yana tsakanin 51% ~ 66%. Zafin aiki: mafi girman zafin aiki shine 1350 ~ 1500℃. Siffofi: Abu ne mai rauni mai hana acidic tare da kyakkyawan juriya, kwanciyar hankali na zafi da ƙarancin juriya na zafi. Ana amfani da shi galibi don yin tubalin ƙasan wurin wanki, bangon wurin wanki na ɓangaren aiki da hanyar shiga, bango, baka, tubalin duba ƙasa da bututun hayaki na ɗakin ajiyar zafi.
Tubalin alumina mai ƙarfi don murhun gilashi:
Babban sassan: SiO2 da Al2O3, amma abun ciki na Al2O3 ya kamata ya fi 46%. Zafin aiki: Matsakaicin zafin aiki shine 1500~1650℃. Siffofi: Kyakkyawan juriya ga tsatsa, kuma yana iya tsayayya da tsatsa daga lakaran acidic da alkaline. Ana amfani da shi galibi a ɗakunan ajiya na zafi, da kuma kayan haɗi masu hana ruwa gudu don wuraren aiki, hanyoyin kayan aiki da masu ciyarwa.
Tubalan Mullite:
Babban sinadarin tubalin mullite shine Al2O3, kuma abun da ke cikinsa ya kai kusan kashi 75%. Domin galibi lu'ulu'u ne na mullite, ana kiransa tubalin mullite. Yawansa shine 2.7-3 2g/cm3, buɗaɗɗen porosity shine 1%-12%, kuma matsakaicin zafin aiki shine 1500~1700℃. Ana amfani da mullite mai siminti don gina bangon ɗakin ajiyar zafi. Ana amfani da mullite mai siminti don gina bangon wurin wanka, ramukan lura, madaurin bango, da sauransu.
Bulo mai siffar zirconium corundum:
Ana kuma kiran tubalin corundum mai haɗin zirconium mai haɗin kai da ake kira tubalin ƙarfe fari. Gabaɗaya, ana raba tubalin corundum mai haɗin zirconium zuwa matakai uku bisa ga yawan zirconium: 33%, 36%, da 41%. Tubalin corundum mai haɗin zirconium da ake amfani da shi a masana'antar gilashi yana ɗauke da 50% ~ 70% Al2O3 da 20% ~ 40% ZrO2. Yawansa shine 3.4 ~ 4.0g/cm3, bayyanar porosity shine 1% ~ 10%, kuma matsakaicin zafin aiki shine kusan 1700℃. Ana amfani da tubalin corundum mai haɗin zirconium mai haɗin kai da abun ciki na zirconium na 33% da 36% don gina bangon wurin waha, bangon ƙirjin wuta, ƙananan ramukan fashewar tanderu, ƙananan baka masu faɗi na tanderu, ƙananan tarukan tanderu, baka na harshe, da sauransu. Ana amfani da tubalin corundum mai haɗin zirconium mai haɗin kai da abun ciki na zirconium na 41% don gina kusurwoyin bangon wurin waha, ramukan kwarara, da sauran sassan inda ruwan gilashin ke lalacewa da lalata kayan da ke hana ruwa gudu sosai. Wannan kayan shine kayan da aka fi amfani da su wajen haɗa simintin da aka yi amfani da shi a masana'antar gilashi.
Bulogin alumina masu haɗe:
Yana nufin tubalan da aka haɗa da α, β corundum, da kuma β corundum da aka haɗa da bulo mai hana ruwa shiga, waɗanda galibi sun ƙunshi kashi 92% ~ 94% na Al2O3 corundum crystal phase, yawa 2.9 ~ 3.05g/cm3, porosity bayyananne 1% ~ 10%, da kuma matsakaicin zafin aiki na kimanin 1700℃. Alumina da aka haɗa da aka haɗa tana da kyakkyawan juriya ga shigar gilashi kuma kusan babu gurɓatawa ga ruwan gilashi. Ana amfani da ita sosai a cikin ɓangaren aiki na bango na wurin wanka, ƙasan wurin wanka, hanyar kwarara, ɓangaren kayan aiki na bangon wurin wanka, ƙasan wurin wanka da sauran sassan tanderun narke gilashi waɗanda ke hulɗa da ruwan gilashin kuma ba sa buƙatar gurɓataccen abu mai hana ruwa shiga.
Bulo mai siffar ma'adini:
Babban sinadarin shine SiO2, wanda ya ƙunshi fiye da kashi 99%, tare da yawan 1.9 ~ 2g/cm3, juriyar 1650℃, zafin aiki na kimanin 1600℃, da juriyar zaizayar acid. Ana amfani da shi don gina bangon tafkin gilashin boron mai acidic, tubalin ramin thermocouple na sararin wuta, da sauransu.
Abubuwan da ke hana Alkaline:
Kayan da ke hana Alkaline aiki galibi suna nufin tubalin magnesia, tubalin alumina-magnesia, tubalin magnesia-chrome, da tubalin forsterite. Aikinsa shine ya hana lalacewar kayan alkaline, kuma ƙarfinsa yana da 1900-2000℃. Ana amfani da shi sosai a bangon sama na regenerator na tanderun narkewar gilashi, baka na regenerator, jikin grid, da kuma tsarin ƙaramin ɓangaren tanderu.
Tubalin rufi don murhun gilashi:
Yankin watsa zafi na tanderun narkewar gilashi yana da girma kuma ingancin zafi yana da ƙasa. Domin adana kuzari da rage amfani, ana buƙatar kayan kariya masu yawa don cikakken rufi. Musamman, ya kamata a rufe bangon wurin wanka, ƙasan wurin wanka, baka, da bango a cikin mai sake samar da wutar lantarki, ɓangaren narkewa, ɓangaren aiki, da sauransu don rage watsa zafi. Rarraba tubalin rufi yana da girma sosai, nauyin yana da sauƙi sosai, kuma yawansa bai wuce 1.3g/cm3 ba. Tunda aikin canja wurin zafi na iska ba shi da kyau, tubalin rufi mai babban rami yana da tasirin rufi. Matsakaicin watsa zafi na thermal yana ƙasa da na kayan da ke hana ruwa gudu sau 2-3, don haka girman ramin, mafi kyawun tasirin rufi. Akwai nau'ikan tubalin rufi daban-daban, gami da tubalin rufi na yumbu, tubalin rufi na silica, tubalin rufi na alumina mai yawa da sauransu.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-25-2025
