Akwai nau'ikan albarkatun kasa da yawa da hanyoyin rarrabuwa iri-iri. Akwai nau'i shida gabaɗaya.
Na farko, bisa ga sinadarai sassa na refractory raw kayan rarrabuwa
Ana iya raba shi zuwa albarkatun oxide da albarkatun da ba oxide ba. Tare da haɓakar kimiyya da fasaha na zamani, wasu mahadi na halitta sun zama kayan gabaɗaya ko kayan taimako na manyan kayan juriyar wuta.
Na biyu, bisa ga sassan sinadarai na rarrabuwar albarkatun albarkatun kasa
Dangane da halayen sinadarai, ana iya raba albarkatun ƙasa na wuta zuwa albarkatun ƙasa mai juriya na wuta, kamar silica, zircon, da sauransu; Tsakanin wuta juriya albarkatun, irin su corundum, bauxite (acid), mullite (acid), pyrite (alkaline), graphite, da dai sauransu.; Alkaline juriya da albarkatun kasa, kamar magnesia, dolomite yashi, magnesia calcium yashi, da dai sauransu.
Uku, bisa ga tsarin aikin samarwa
Dangane da rawar da yake takawa a cikin tsarin samar da refractory, ana iya raba albarkatun ƙasa zuwa manyan albarkatun ƙasa da albarkatun ƙasa.
Babban albarkatun kasa shine babban jikin kayan da ke da ƙarfi. Za a iya raba albarkatun albarkatun taimako zuwa masu ɗaure da ƙari. Ayyukan mai ɗaure shi ne don sa jikin mai jujjuya ya sami isasshen ƙarfi a cikin aiwatar da samarwa da amfani. Yawanci amfani da sulfite ɓangaren litattafan almara sharar ruwa ruwa, kwalta, phenolic guduro, aluminate siminti, sodium silicate, phosphoric acid da phosphate, sulfate, da kuma wasu daga cikin manyan albarkatun kasa da kansu suna da rawar bonding jamiái, kamar bonded yumbu; Matsayin abubuwan ƙari shine haɓaka samarwa ko tsarin ginin kayan haɓakawa, ko ƙarfafa wasu kaddarorin kayan haɓakawa, irin su stabilizer, wakili mai rage ruwa, mai hanawa, filastik, mai tarwatsawa, wakili mai kumfa, wakili na faɗaɗa, antioxidant, da sauransu.
Hudu, bisa ga yanayin acid da rarraba tushe
Dangane da acid da alkali, za a iya raba albarkatun kasa da suka rage zuwa kashi biyar masu zuwa.
(1) Acid raw kayan
Yafi siliceous albarkatun kasa, irin su ma'adini, squamquartz, quartzite, chalcedony, chert, opal, quartzite, farin silica yashi, diatomite, wadannan siliceous albarkatun kasa dauke da silica (SiO2) a kalla a cikin fiye da 90%, tsarki albarkatun kasa da silica sama. zuwa fiye da 99%. Siliceous albarkatun kasa acidic a high zafin jiki sinadaran kuzarin kawo cikas, lokacin da akwai karfe oxides, ko a lokacin da a lamba tare da sinadaran mataki, kuma a hade cikin fusible silicates. Don haka, idan albarkatun siliceous ya ƙunshi ƙaramin adadin ƙarfe oxide, zai yi tasiri sosai akan juriyar zafinsa.
(2) Semi-acid raw kayan
Yana da yafi refractory lãka. A cikin rarrabuwa na baya, an jera yumbu azaman kayan acidic, a zahiri bai dace ba. Acidity na refractory albarkatun kasa dogara ne a kan free silica (SiO2) a matsayin babban jiki, domin bisa ga sinadaran abun da ke ciki na refractory yumbu da siliceous albarkatun kasa, da free silica a refractory lãka ne da yawa kasa da siliceous albarkatun kasa.
Domin akwai 30% ~ 45% alumina a cikin babban yumbu mai jujjuyawa, kuma alumina yana da wuyar kyauta, an ɗaure a haɗa shi da silica cikin kaolinite (Al2O3 · 2SiO2 · 2H2O), koda kuwa akwai ƙarancin silica kaɗan, rawar shine kadan kadan. Sabili da haka, dukiyar acid na yumbu mai raɗaɗi yana da rauni fiye da na kayan albarkatun siliceous. Wasu mutane sunyi imanin cewa yumbu mai laushi a babban zafin jiki bazuwa cikin silicate kyauta, alumina kyauta, amma ba canzawa ba, silicate kyauta da alumina kyauta za a haɗa su cikin ma'adini (3Al2O3 · 2SiO2) lokacin da aka ci gaba da zafi. Ma'adini yana da kyau acid juriya ga alkaline slag, kuma saboda karuwa da alumina abun da ke ciki a cikin refractory lãka, da acid abu a hankali ya raunana, a lokacin da alumina kai 50%, alkaline ko tsaka tsaki Properties, musamman sanya daga yumbu tubali a karkashin babban matsa lamba, high yawa. , m m, low porosity, juriya ga alkaline slag ne karfi fiye da silica karkashin high zafin jiki yanayi. Hakanan ma'adini yana da jinkirin gaske dangane da haɓakarsa, don haka muna ganin ya dace a rarraba yumbu mai jujjuyawa azaman ɗan acidic. Laka mai jujjuyawa shine mafi asali kuma ana amfani dashi da yawa a cikin masana'antar haɓaka.
(3) tsaka tsaki albarkatun kasa
Abubuwan da ke tsaka tsaki sune chromite, graphite, silicon carbide (na wucin gadi), a ƙarƙashin kowane yanayin zafin jiki ba sa amsa da acid ko alkaline slag. A halin yanzu akwai nau'ikan abubuwa guda biyu a cikin yanayi, chromite da graphite. Bugu da ƙari, na halitta graphite, akwai wucin gadi graphite, wadannan tsaka tsaki albarkatun kasa, da gagarumin juriya ga slag, mafi dace da alkaline refractory kayan da acid refractory rufi.
(4) alkaline refractory albarkatun kasa
Yafi magnesite (magnesite), dolomite, lemun tsami, olivine, serpentine, high alumina oxygen albarkatun kasa (wani lokacin tsaka tsaki), wadannan albarkatun kasa da karfi juriya ga alkaline slag, mafi yawa amfani da masonry alkaline makera, amma musamman sauki da kuma acid slag sinadaran dauki da kuma zama gishiri.
(5) Kayayyakin da ke hana ruwa gudu
Musamman zirconia, titanium oxide, beryllium oxide, cerium oxide, thorium oxide, yttrium oxide da sauransu. Wadannan albarkatun kasa suna da digiri daban-daban na juriya ga kowane nau'i na slag, amma saboda tushen albarkatun kasa ba su da yawa, ba za a iya amfani da su a cikin masana'antun da yawa na refractory ba, ana iya amfani da su kawai a cikin yanayi na musamman, don haka ana kiran shi wuta ta musamman. juriya albarkatun kasa.
Biyar, bisa ga ƙarni na rarraba albarkatun kasa
Bisa ga ƙarni na albarkatun kasa, za a iya raba na halitta albarkatun kasa da kuma roba albarkatun kasa nau'i biyu.
(1) albarkatun kasa masu jujjuyawa na halitta
Kayan albarkatun ma'adinai na halitta har yanzu sune babban jikin albarkatun kasa. Ma'adanai da ke faruwa a cikin yanayi sun ƙunshi abubuwan da ke tattare da su. A halin yanzu, an tabbatar da cewa jimlar adadin oxygen, silicon da aluminum abubuwa uku suna lissafin kusan kashi 90% na adadin abubuwan da ke cikin ɓawon burodi, kuma oxide, silicate da aluminosilicate ma'adanai suna da fa'ida a bayyane, waɗanda suke da girma sosai. tanadi na albarkatun kasa.
Kasar Sin tana da wadataccen albarkatun albarkatun kasa, iri-iri. Magnesite, bauxite, graphite da sauran albarkatun ana iya kiran su ginshiƙai uku na albarkatun kasa na kasar Sin; Magnesite da bauxite, manyan wuraren ajiya, babban matsayi; Kyakkyawan lãka mai ƙarfi, silica, dolomite, magnesia dolomite, magnesia olivine, serpentine, zircon da sauran albarkatu suna yadu.
Babban nau'in albarkatun kasa sune: silica, ma'adini, diatomite, kakin zuma, yumbu, bauxite, kayan ma'adinai na cyanite, magnesite, dolomite, limestone, magnesite olivine, serpentine, talc, chlorite, zircon, plagiozircon, perlite, chromium iron da na halitta graphite.
Shida, bisa ga sinadaran abun da ke ciki, na halitta refractory albarkatun kasa za a iya raba zuwa:
Siliceous: irin su silica crystalline, yashi ma'adini ciminti silica, da dai sauransu;
② Semi-silicous (phyllachite, da dai sauransu)
③ Laka: kamar yumbu mai kauri, yumbu mai laushi, da sauransu; Haɗa yumbu da yumbu clinker
(4) High aluminum: kuma aka sani da Jade, irin su high bauxite, sillimanite ma'adanai;
⑤ Magnesium: magnesite;
Dolomite;
⑦ Chromite [(Fe,Mg) O·(Cr, Al)2O3];
Zircon (ZrO2 · SiO2).
Kayan albarkatun kasa yawanci sun ƙunshi ƙarin ƙazanta, abun da ke ciki ba shi da kwanciyar hankali, aikin yana canzawa sosai, kawai 'yan albarkatun ƙasa za a iya amfani da su kai tsaye, yawancin su dole ne a tsarkake su, graded ko ma calcined don saduwa da buƙatun samar da kayan haɓaka.
(2) roba juriya albarkatun
Nau'o'in ma'adanai na halitta da ake amfani da su don albarkatun kasa suna iyakancewa, kuma sau da yawa ba su iya biyan buƙatun kayan fasaha masu mahimmanci da fasaha masu mahimmanci don bukatun musamman na masana'antu na zamani. Roba refractory albarkatun kasa iya cikakken isa mutane pre-tsara sinadaran ma'adinai abun da ke ciki da kuma tsarin, ta texture tsarki, m tsarin, sinadaran abun da ke ciki ne mai sauki don sarrafa, don haka ingancin ne barga, iya kerarre iri-iri na ci-gaba refractory kayan, shi ne babban raw raw. abu na zamani high fasaha da high fasaha refractory kayan. Haɓaka kayan haɗin gwiwar roba yana da sauri sosai a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata.
Roba refractory raw kayan ne yafi magnesium aluminum spinel, roba mullite, seawater magnesia, roba magnesium cordierite, sintered corundum, aluminum titanate, silicon carbide da sauransu.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-19-2023
